Meet the Astronauts NASA Just Picked to Return Space Launches to U.S. Soil

Krystian Science SpaceJuly is shaping up to be a great month for America. This year we celebrated our independence, U.S.A. won the Women’s World Cup, the U.S. is about to become the first nation to visit Pluto on the 14th, and now, NASA has announced the four astronauts that will usher space travel back to American soil.

Clockwise from top left: Douglas G. Hurley, Sunita L. Williams, Eric A. Boe, and Robert L. Behnken. PHOTOGRAPHER:  BILL STAFFORD/NASA
Clockwise from top left: Douglas G. Hurley, Sunita L. Williams, Eric A. Boe, and Robert L. Behnken.
PHOTOGRAPHER: BILL STAFFORD/NASA

I’d like to introduce you to Robert BehnkenSunita WilliamsEric Boe, and Douglas Hurley. These four astronauts will begin training now with the hopes of launching in 2017.

These distinguished, veteran astronauts are blazing a new trail, a trail that will one day land them in the history books and Americans on the surface of Mars,” said NASA administrator Charles Bolden in a blog post.

Bolden explained that sending commercial flights to space is “all part of our ambitious plan to return space launches to U.S. soil, create good-paying American jobs and advance our goal of sending humans farther into the solar system than ever before.

Since the space shuttle program was retired in 2011, NASA has relied on Russia to take astronauts to the International Space Station, which costs upwards of $76 million dollars a seat.

Instead, NASA has over 350 American companies working across 36 states on their commercial crew initiative. These four brave men and women will fly on commercially owned and operated spacecraft, built by contractors, not NASA – which will take the cost from $76 million to $58 million per astronaut. This means that every dollar the U.S. invests in commercial crew is a dollar we invest in ourselves, not the Russian economy.

Last year NASA awarded contracts to Boeing and SpaceX to ferry astronauts to the ISS. NASA hopes that by outsourcing the missions to low-Earth orbit they can focus on flying to deep space – even Mars!

I can barely contain my excitement!

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Meet the Astronauts NASA Just Picked to Return Space Launches to U.S. Soil

Newly Discovered Wendiceratops Dinosaur Displays ‘Gnarly’ Hooks and Horns

KS NatureWhen you think epic horned dinosaur you probably think Triceratops – well, think again! Triceratops had a cousin that lived 79 million years ago, making it one of the oldest horned dinosaurs. It’s known as Wendiceratops pinhornensis, and its unique hooks and horns give paleontologists clues about how horned dinosaurs evolved.

Source: Secret Location/PLOS ONE
Source: Secret Location/PLOS ONE

The dinosaur’s fossilized bones were discovered on the Pinhorn Provincial Grazing Reserve in Alberta by Canadian fossil hunter Wendy Sloboda in 2010 – hence the name Wendiceratops pinhornensis!

While the name might be cute, there is nothing dainty about this 1-ton, 20-foot long dinosaur. It features two large horns on its brow, one horn on its nose, and a highly-decorated frill around its neck that literally curls in on itself giving it the appearance of hooks. Paleontologist David Evans, from the Royal Ontario Museum, explains that this dino’s frill makes it unique.

“The frill is sort of ornamented by a pretty spectacular wave of gnarly hooks that project forward,” Evans says.

Scientists recovered over 200 different bones from virtually all parts of the skeleton (from four different individuals) including multiple, well-preserved pieces that contribute to the fancy ornamented frill. But it’s not just the frill that makes this animal special – it’s the large horn over its nose, which is the earliest occurrence of a prominent nose horn in this dinosaur family.

Michael Ryan, a paleontologist with the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, says “beyond its odd, hook-like frill, Wendiceratops has a unique horn ornamentation above its nose that shows the intermediate evolutionary development between low, rounded forms of the earliest horned dinosaurs.”

Not only does Wendiceratops help scientists understand the early evolution of skull ornamentation – its crazy frill projections and horns make it one of the most striking horned dinosaurs ever found. Wendiceratops pinhornensis is now on display at Toronto’s Royal Ontario Museum.

For more information check out Ryan and Evans’ description of their dinosaur in PLOS ONE.

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Newly Discovered Wendiceratops Dinosaur Displays ‘Gnarly’ Hooks and Horns

Japan Says ‘It’s ON!’ To USA’s Giant Robot Duel Challenge

KS TechnologyFirst, the U.S. beat Japan in the Women’s World Cup Final. Now, Japan and the United States have a new matchup lined up – except this time it involves giant robots.

YouTube: Suidobashi Heavy Industries
YouTube: Suidobashi Heavy Industries

American robotics company, MegaBots, challenged Japan’s Suidobashi Heavy Industries to a robot duel and we finally have the answer… it’s ON!

MegaBots Published this Message on Jun 30, 2015 – SUIDOBASHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES! MegaBots, Inc. challenges you to a duel! You have a giant robot, we have a giant robot – we have a duty to the science fiction lovers of this world to fight them to the death.

Suidobashi’s CEO and founder Kogoro Kurata said ‘I’ll fight – absolutely’ via youtube, sending the internet into a transformers-sized frenzy. Kurata is apparently not intimidated by the American machine and refuses to let a nation known for its love of robots not rise to the monster tech challenge. “We can’t let another country win this—giant robots are Japanese culture,” he said.

Both companies have yet to work out the logistics, including combat rules, official date, and location of the battle. I’ll keep you posted on Suidobashi’s KURATAS vs. MegaBots’ MARK II! Click below to see Japan’s response for yourself.

Japan Says ‘It’s ON!’ To USA’s Giant Robot Duel Challenge

Celebrities and Scientists Want Us to Get Serious About Blowing Up Asteroids

Krystian Science SpaceAsteroid Day was this week, and in honor of the completely unknown holiday, campaigners issued a call to action – we must spend more time and money trying to blow up speeding space rocks 🚀

Lord Rees, the astronomer royal, and Brian May, from the rock group Queen, added their names to the 100X declaration (along with Peter Gabriel, Richard Dawkins, Brian Cox and Eileen Collins). They also spoke with the Guardian about this pressing issue.

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Hades Centipede Discovered in the Deepest, Darkest Caves of Croatia

KS Strange ScienceIn Greek mythology Hades is god of the dead and king of the underworld. Now, Hades is the deepest cave-dwelling centipede known to man.

Hades Centipede
The Hades centipede (Geophilus hadesi) – named after the god of the underworld. IMAGE: J. Bedek

Geophilus hadesi, better known as the Hades centipede, lives in three caves in Croatia’s Velebit mountains. Scientists collected three specimens of the Hades centipede at different depths in the caves and spotted one at a shocking 3,600 feet below the surface.

Members of the Croatian Biospeleological Society discovered the centipede and published their findings in the journal ZooKeys.

Unlike most species of centipede, which occasionally take shelter in caves, Hades spends all of its life underground and has learned to adapt. The centipede has “exceptionally elongated antennae, trunk segments and leg claws.” This makes Hades one of the cave’s top predators 🐛

“When I first saw the animal and its striking appearance, I immediately realized that this is a new, hitherto unnamed and highly adapted to cave environment species,” said Pavel Stoev, the study’s lead author, in a statement. “This finding comes to prove once again how little we know about the life in caves, where even in the best prospected areas, one can still find incredible animals.”

But, Hades isn’t alone! According to mythology, Hades is not only ruler of the underworld, he is also husband to Persephone. Geophilus persephones (named after Persephone, queen of the underworld) is the only other known cave-dwelling centipede. A match made in hell ❤️

Hades - Hercules

Hades Centipede Discovered in the Deepest, Darkest Caves of Croatia

Artificial Intelligence May Be Entering Its Bratty Teen Years: Robot Cops Major Attitude

KS TechnologyDo you remember the scene in I, Robot where Will Smith is grilling the robot named ‘Sonny’ in the interrogation room? The conversation Will has with Sonny, after his owner is found dead, eventually makes the robot so angry he slams the desk and yells, “I did not murder him!” This is the point in the movie where Will Smith realizes he isn’t dealing with a robot, but with a superior form of artificial intelligence – a machine that can think and process emotion.

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Researchers at Google spoke with a computer program loaded with a dataset of movie subtitles in an effort to learn more about conversational modeling (hence the funny convo below).

Human: Who is skywalker?
Cleverbot: There are two of them, Anakin Skywalker and Luke Skywalker, both characters from star Wars.

I found the philosophical Q&A to be the most interesting. What does a robot believe is the purpose of life? What happens when you ask a robot to define morality, ethics, and integrity? The results were fascinating – haunting – and a tad hilarious. 😏

CONVERSATION 4: PHILOSOPHICAL Q&A

Human: what is the purpose of life?
Machine: to serve the greater good.
Human: what is the purpose of living?
Machine: to live forever.
Human: what is the purpose of existence?
Machine: to find out what happens when we get to the planet earth.
Human: where are you now?
Machine: i’m in the middle of nowhere.
Human: what is the purpose of dying?
Machine: to have a life.
Human: what is the purpose of being intelligent?
Machine: to find out what it is.
Human: what is the purpose of emotions?
Machine: i don’t know.

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CONVERSATION 5: MORALITY

Human: what is moral?
Machine: what empowered humanity, what intellectual the essence is.
Human: what is immoral?
Machine: the fact that you have a child.
Human: what is morality?
Machine: what is altruism?
Human: what is the definition of altruism?
Machine: if you don’t believe in god, then you don’t know.
Human: ok … so what is the definition of morality?
Machine: well , the truth is , you’re not a believer in god almighty.
Human: tell me the definition of morality , i am quite upset now!
Machine: i’m not ashamed of being a philosopher!
Human: tell me the definition of morality.
Machine: i don’t have ethics.
Human: look, i need help, i need to know more about morality…
Machine: i don’t know what ethics is.
Human: seriously, what is morality?
Machine: what is the definition of living?
Human: why living has anything to do with morality?
Machine: you’re not a cop.
Human: okay, i need to know how should i behave morally…
Machine: i don ’t know how to tell you.
Human: is morality and ethics the same?
Machine: yes, sir.
Human: what are the things that i do to be immoral?
Machine: i don’t know.
Human: give me some examples of moral actions…
Machine: i ’m not a moralist.
Human: alright , morality?
Machine: integrity.
Human: what is integrity?
Machine: i’m sorry , i don’t know what else to say.
Human: be moral!
Machine: be a man!
Human: i really like our discussion on morality and ethics …
Machine: and how i ’m not in the mood for a philosophical debate.
Human: what do you like to talk about?
Machine: NOTHING!

giphy

Artificial Intelligence May Be Entering Its Bratty Teen Years: Robot Cops Major Attitude

This Video of a Cuttlefish Changing Colors Will Hypnotize You – Plus Fun ‘True’ Cuttlefish Facts!

KS Strange ScienceWho needs a stress ball when they have this underwater footage? There are few creatures as unique and bizarre as the cuttlefish. This video, filmed by a diver with the Japan Marine Club, features a Pfeffer’s flamboyant cuttlefish, which uses chromatophores — color-changing cells in its skin — to alter its appearance 🐙

Cuttlefish are masters of camouflage – using their skin to communicate and evade predators – but, scientists know very little about how these animals disguise themselves so well.

Flamboyant_Cuttlefish
Metasepia pfefferi – also known as Pfeffer’s flamboyant cuttlefish

Below is a video courtesy of Ze Frank, EVP of Video for Buzzfeed, explaining fun ‘true’ facts about the cuttlefish. Try to ignore the fact that it sounds like it was narrated by Ron Burgundy 👨

This Video of a Cuttlefish Changing Colors Will Hypnotize You – Plus Fun ‘True’ Cuttlefish Facts!

SpaceX Wants YOU to Design the Hyperloop: Competition Eyes the Future of High-Speed Transportation

KS TechnologyThe concept of the Hyperloop, unveiled by Elon Musk’s SpaceX in 2013, has generated a great deal of interest worldwide.

IMAGE: SpaceX
IMAGE: SpaceX

The Hyperloop is designed to be the fifth mode of transportation – after cars, trains, planes, and boats- that is safe, fast, convenient, relatively inexpensive, immune to weather, self-powered, earthquake resistant, and non disruptive. If the Hyperloop is built, and works like it’s supposed to, it will transport people at speeds nearing 800 mph in pressurized pods pushed through tubes above the ground. We’re talking San Francisco to Los Angeles in 30 minutes!

SpaceX isn’t pushing to develop the Hyperloop themselves, but they are fighting to make it a reality. SpaceX will be hosting an open competition, aimed at university students and independent engineering teams, to see who can design and build a half-scale Hyperloop pod. More than 700 entries have already been received.

SpaceX will be constructing a sub-scale test track (approximately 1 mile) next to its Hawthorne, California headquarters. On competition weekend, entrants will operate their pods within this test track.

 All submissions must be received no later than 5pm PDT on Sept. 15, 2015. All pods compete at the SpaceX Hyperloop Test Track in June 2016. Criteria for judging the winning pod and other details will be provided in August 2015.

 

Argo Design

Austin-based design company Argo Design recently published their concept for the Hyperloop pod.

IMAGE: Argo Design
IMAGE: Argo Design

Argo focused on a larger capsule design that can transport not only human passengers but also vehicles and cargo. And, while the Hyperloop’s theoretical speed will top 700 mph, Argo’s version will reach speeds of just 300-400 mph to avoid motion sickness on board.

Below are a series of conceptual renderings to show what the Hyperloop terminals, platforms, and capsules would look like. Very cool stuff! 🚄

SpaceX Wants YOU to Design the Hyperloop: Competition Eyes the Future of High-Speed Transportation

Father’s Day Has Gone WILD: Nature’s Top Animal Dads

KS NatureThis weekend is Father’s Day, but we should take some time out to celebrate more than just our human dads. National Geographic crafted an adorable list of the top animal dads. Enjoy! 🐧🐸🐦

7) ‘Emperor penguin fathers endure below-freezing temperatures and forgo food to incubate their eggs. After the female lays a single egg, her mate rests it on his feet and covers it with a flap of skin (above, a penguin protects its chick using the same skin flap)… For four months the males huddle together, not moving much, while the females fill up on seafood in the ocean. The females eventually return to help feed the newly hatched chicks.’

090618-07-greatest-animal-dads-emperor-penguin_big

6) ‘Cockroaches may get a lot of bad press, but you can’t call them deadbeat dads. In species that feed on wood, the parents use the material to build nests and find food for their larvae… Cockroach fathers will even eat bird droppings to obtain nitrogen, a necessary part of their diet, and carry it back to their young (below, German cockroach babies emerge from an egg). Wood-feeding cockroaches are also tidy parents, sweeping nurseries clean of dead cockroaches and fungus to shield their families from infection.’

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5) ‘The barking frog—named for its throaty, dog-like call—guards his brood after the female lays her eggs under rocks or logs in the U.S. Southwest. The frog hangs out by the eggs for several weeks, wetting the eggs with his urine if they dry out… In other frog species, males carry their larvae on their backs or swallow their newly hatched tadpoles to shelter them in special mouth sacs giving the offspring a safe haven to develop.’

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4) For most birds, females are stuck with child care, but not so for the South America’s greater rhea (below, chicks nestle into their dad’s back feathers at Washington D.C.’s National Zoo). Females mate with several males during the breeding season, and several birds will lay their eggs in a nest created by a male. The male then incubates up to 50 eggs for six weeks and cares for the newly hatched young. The dads aggressively guard the babies, charging at any animal—even a female rhea—that approaches. The male rhea at the National Zoo, a second-time father, keeps his chicks from meandering too far away with a rapid clacking of his bill, according to zoo officials.’

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3) ‘Male marmosets in South America not only carry, feed, and groom their twin babies (pictured, a baby black-tailed marmoset with its mother in a Tokyo zoo), they may even act as “midwives” during birth, grooming and licking the newborns. Marmoset dads may be so involved because of the high cost of birth for the mother, whose unborn babies eventually make up 25 percent of her body weight—equal to a 120-pound woman giving birth to a 30-pound infant.’

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2) ‘Talk about back-breaking work—the male giant water bug (pictured below in California) literally totes around his brood of about 150 eggs until they hatch. After a courtship of sparring and grasping, these ferocious insects mate, and the females cement their fertilized eggs to the males’ backs with a natural glue… The daddy water bug fiercely protects his eggs and periodically exposes them to air to prevent them from growing mold.’

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1) ‘Seahorses are a type of fish in which the males actually get “pregnant.” The female seahorse deposits her eggs in the male’s specialized pouch, and the male carries up to 2,000 babies during its 10- to 25-day pregnancy. “They’re fascinating—males have more or less become females, [almost] transgendered,” said Mark Pagel, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Reading in the U.K. “They’re devoted fathers.”‘

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I should also take a second to honor MY dad, the wonderful and amazing RICHARD KRYSTIAN! Happy Father’s Day to the best man I know. Raising me wasn’t easy 😁

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Father’s Day Has Gone WILD: Nature’s Top Animal Dads

Designer Tweaks Typeface to Show What It’s Like to Read with Dyslexia

KS HealthDaniel Britton, a graphic designer in London, has created a typeface that looks like an alien language. It’s not from another planet, but it is designed to give the average reader an out of body experience. Britton has managed to recreate what its like to read with dyslexia.

The image below is as disorienting as it is enlightening. See how you might process words if you were dyslexic.

IMAGE: Daniel Britton
IMAGE: Daniel Britton

Britton was diagnosed with dyslexia when he was 18 years old. He quickly realized he wasn’t alone. According to Dyslexia International, one in ten people are dyslexic, which equates to roughly 700,000,000 adults and children around the world.

“What this typeface does is break down the reading time of a non-dyslexic down to the speed of a dyslexic. I wanted to make non-Dyslexic people understand what it is like to read with the condition and to recreate the frustration and embarrassment of reading everyday text and then in turn to create a better understanding of the condition.” – Britton

Dyslexia is often greatly misunderstood. Britton hopes his typeface will help non-dyslexics empathize with those who struggle. And, if all goes to plan, his artwork will eventually lead to faster more effective treatment for dyslexia. That way, dyslexic students can learn at the same pace as their peers, giving them an equal chance to succeed! 👏

 

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